The trends toward declining survey response rates that are documented in chapter 1 have consequences. National immunization survey guide to quality control. A comprehensive framework for both reduction of nonresponse andpostsurvey adjustment for nonresponse this book provides guidance and support for survey statisticianswho need to develop models for postsurvey adjustment fornonresponse, and for survey designers and practitioners attemptingto reduce unit nonresponse in household interview surveys. Nonresponse in household interview surveys wiley series. This section examines and quantifies the extent of missing data, formally called item nonresponse, in the nlsy79. It is also a suitable supplement for courses on survey methods at the upperundergraduate and graduate levels. A comprehensive framework for both reduction of nonresponse andpostsurvey adjustment for nonresponse. Unit nonresponse can be a source of bias in survey estimates, and reducing unit nonresponse is an important objective of good survey practice. Increasing nonresponse rates in federal surveys and potentially biased survey estimates are a growing concern, especially with regard to establishment surveys. Recent empirical findings illustrate cases when the linkage between nonresponse rates and nonresponse biases is absent. The first group of bars represents the combined 1st though 4th quintiles of the refusal propensity for each of the 3 surveys. In this study, an irs file containing irs information from april 1991 filings for the tax year 1990 was matched by social security number to the 1990 sipp panel first interview respondents.
Pdf the influence of interviewers attitude and behaviour on. Source of the data and accuracy of the estimates for the 2018 annual social and economic supplement splitpanel sample microdata file. There are several types of nonresponse in the national health interview survey nhis. Household interview surveys nationwide data collection. Handbook of nonresponse in household surveys download. A comprehensive framework for both reduction of nonresponse andpostsurvey adjustment for nonresponse this book provides guidance and support for survey.
Traditionally, unit nonresponses are categorised into three categories. Nonresponse in household interview surveys is an important resource for professionals and students in survey methodologyresearch methods as well as those who use survey methods or data in business, government, and academia. As part of the save study, a representative survey conducted in germany in 2001, questions on household income and financial assets were administered using different modes personal interview vs. The focus on telephone surveys may be due to the dramatic increase in nonresponse for these surveys or perhaps because facetoface surveys still achieve relatively high levels of response. The other category encompasses such reasons as language issues, poor health, and absence from home during the data collection period.
When this type of household nonresponse occurs in wave 1. Unit nonresponse can be contrasted to item nonresponse missing data wherein the sample member responds but does not provide a usable response to a particular item or items. A comprehensive framework for both reduction of nonresponse and postsurvey adjustment for nonresponse. In noncensus surveys, the rise in unit non response is.
Groves analysis showed that there is a significant amount of variability in nonresponse bias from one estimate to another within the same survey with. Nonresponse in household interview surveys survey research. Building dynamic survey cost models using survey paradata. How to do survey nonresponse bias analyses in household. Pdf nonresponse in household interview surveys semantic. Unweighted household nonresponse in the national health interview survey between. Compare that to the next group, which represents those most like the refusers as the 5th. Nonresponse occurs in a survey when information is not collected about an eligible sample member. Unit nonresponse rates rose by 312percentage points over the 1990s for six us census bureau surveys atrostic, bates, burt, and silberstein 2001. Nonresponse bias in a travel survey of nontelephone. Nonresponse rates are examined first in the 1979 survey and then in the surveys that occur at roughly fiveyear intervals 1984, 1989, 1994, 1998. A common way of classifying the many reasons for nonresponse to a survey uses three categories. Additionally, a random sample of institutional researchers drawn from a list of us colleges and universities was included to expand the breadth of research surveys represented in the project results.
Unit nonresponse can be a source of bias in survey estimates, and reducing unit nonresponse is an important objective of. May 09, 20 nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys public opinion quarterly. Comparison of item and unit nonresponse in household surveys. Recent trends of increasing survey nonresponse rates make the question whether nonresponse is ignorable or not more salient to more researchers. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading nonresponse in household interview surveys wiley series in survey methodology. The authors begin with an introduction to the nonresponse problem along with basic concepts and definitions. All nhis interviews are conducted via computer assisted personal interviewing capi. As part of the save study, a representative survey conducted in germany in 2001, questions on household income and financial assets were administered using different interview modes personal interview vs. Provide, in one publication, basic concepts and methodologically sound procedures for designing samples for, in particular, nationallevel household surveys, emphasizing applied aspects of household sample design. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committees deliberations.
The existence of interviewer effects on unit nonresponse of sampled respondents in surveys is well documented, and research increasingly focuses on interviewer attributes in the nonresponse process. Nonresponse in sample surveys professor ron fricker naval postgraduate school monterey, california 1. Handbook of nonresponse in household surveys jelke. This book provides guidance and support for survey. Topics behavioral and social sciences surveys and statistics. The paper ends with realistic recommendations and further steps for nonresponse reduction in the household budget sur vey in bosnia and herzegovina. A followup study of the dutch victimization survey showed that persons, who are afraid to be home alone at night, are less inclined to participate in the survey.
The irs file contains income variables whose composition depends on filing status. Consensus study reports published by the national academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine document the evidencebased consensus on the studys statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. The first attempts to compensate for the nonresponding households at the initial wave, and the second attempts to compensate for panel nonrespondents in households responding at the initial wave. We examined potential nonresponse bias in a largescale, populationbased, randomdigitdialed telephone survey in california and its association with the response rate. The interviewer cannot reach the housing unit because of impassable roads, such as from a natural disaster. It is therefore essential that experienced staff are utilised in the planning and execution stage of the survey to ensure that accurate and reliable survey data is delivered within predetermined timescales and budgets. Nonresponse in household interview surveys request pdf. The section on resources for researchers contains a pdf titled standard. Nontelephone households, nonresponse bias, mail survey, recontact. This applies particularly with business surveys, where large or significant units should be targeted first. We analyze nonresponse to questions on financial items such as income and asset holdings in household surveys using data from a controlled field experiment. Assessing nonresponse bias and measurement error using. Since 1998, item nonresponse rates for an exact amount question on total family income. The following four response nonresponse categories were used.
Unlike household surveys, not all establishments contribute equally to survey estimates. Also available in the database are timing variables that provide information on how long it took respondents to complete the total interview and to complete individual sections. How to do survey nonresponse bias analyses in household and establishment surveys june 10, 2009 bureau of labor statistics conference center, rooms 2 massachusetts avenue, ne, washington, dc if you are taking metro, use the red line to union station. Unit nonresponse, which occurs when a household in a sampling frame is not interviewed at all, has been rising in most surveys. Nonresponse in household interview surveys wiley online books. Nonresponse can, but need not, induce nonresponse bias in survey estimates. Improving income nonresponse in the national health. For repeating business surveys, historical imputation rather than average imputation is. Nonresponse in household interview surveys and millions of other books are available for amazon kindle. Atus is a sample of individuals, not addresses or telephone numbers. Genesysid a contract software system that identifies business telephone numbers from directory listings and uses special hardware and software to. National immunization survey guide to quality control procedures.
Nonresponse bias in a travel survey of nontelephone households. The problem of nonresponse peter lynn university of essex suggestions for further reading. In noncensus surveys, the rise in unit non response. How to do survey nonresponse bias analyses in household and. Data resources for testing theories of survey participation. To provide readers with a detailed view of this problem, six surveys are analyzed.
Source and accuracy statement for the 2018 annual social. One key consequence is that high nonresponse rates undermine the rationale for inference in probabilitybased surveys, which is that the respondents constitute a random selection from the target population. National household education surveys program of 2016 data file users manual parent and family involvement in education survey early childhood program participation survey. Interviews cannot be taken because of serious illness or death in the household. Nonresponse in sample surveys professor ron fricker. It occurs in a number of surveys of statistics netherlands. Response rates lack validity in that there is not even a moderate correlation with nonresponse bias groves 2006.
For example, unit nonresponse rates rose by 312 percentage points over the 1990s for six u. Source and accuracy statement for the 2018 annual social and. Assessing the effect of social integration on unit. Nonresponse in household interview surveys wiley series in survey methodology kindle edition by groves, robert m. The following four responsenonresponse categories were used. We compared a broad range of neighborhood characteristics of respondents and. Potential nonresponse bias was evaluated in 3 stages. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app. Genesysid a contract software system that identifies business telephone numbers from directory listings and uses special hardware and software to detect nonworking numbers. Nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys. If a household member refuses to be interviewed or cannot be contacted after the nrfu enumerator has made the required number of visits or telephone calls, the enumerator must locate a. Census bureau will select a quality check, also known as integrated coverage measurement icm, sample to improve census estimates. Handbook of nonresponse in household surveys is a complete guide to handling the nonresponse problem, outlining statistical methods and techniques for improving response rates and correcting response data.
The highest nonresponse for both surveys was from total income questions. Bias from unit nonresponse in the measurement of income. Unit nonresponse, or householdlevel nonresponse, occurs when no information is collected about any members of a sample nhis household. Handbook of nonresponse in household surveys is an essential reference for survey researchers working in the fields of business, economics, government, and the social sciences who gather, analyze, and draw results from data. Nonresponse in household interview surveys is an important resource for professionals and students in survey methodology research methods as well as those who use survey methods or data in business, government, and academia. Download pdf show page numbers when patterns of nonresponse either unit or item nonresponse are significantly correlated with variables of interest in a survey, then the nonresponse contributes to biased estimates of those variables and is considered nonignorable. We analyze nonresponse to questions on financial items such as income and asset holdings in the save survey, exploiting a controlled field experiment.
It addresses issues critical to dealing with nonresponse in surveys, reducing nonresponse during survey data collection. Item nonresponse to financial questions in household. Several studies have addressed the role of the interviewer in nonresponse. We describe the development of models for nonresponse bias and their utility, with particular emphasis on the role of response propensity modeling and its assumptions. Many recent papers have raised the concern that this increased nonresponse has led to bias in key statistics. Nonresponse is one of the possible sources of error in surveys. Nonresponse in household interview surveys wiley series in. For the sipp panel file, two separate nonresponse weighting adjustments are made. A research agenda also documents the increased use of information collected in the survey process in nonresponse adjustment.
We used california health interview survey chis data and us census data and linked the two data sets at the census tract level. Many researchers create nonresponse bias because they do not pretest their invites properly. More specifically, the objectives of the handbook are to. Nonresponse components were only constructed on the atus data because subcategories of nonresponse were not available for share wave ii. The data for the first 2 stages was a product of 4 different data sources. In 2019, a separate timings dataset was added that. Noncontact is higher in the cps than the ceq relative to refusal probably due to a shorter interview period. Unit nonresponse rates rose by 3 to12 percentage points over the 1990s for six u. In the case of longitudinal surveys, nonresponse and sample attrition can depend on both. Bias from unit nonresponse in the measurement of income in. Unit nonresponse in household wealth surveys european central. Handling of household and item nonresponse in surveys rajendra p. Exploring nonresponse bias in a health survey using. Nonresponse in household interview surveys wiley online.
I dont take surveys please do not contact me again. Unit nonresponse when a household is not interviewed at all has been rising in most surveys. A comprehensive framework for both reduction of nonresponse and postsurvey adjustment for nonresponse this book provides guidance and support for survey statisticians who need to develop models for postsurvey adjustment for nonresponse, and for survey designers and practitioners attempting to reduce unit nonresponse in household interview surveys. Comparison of item and unit nonresponse in household. Initial nonresponse rates in these surveys are increasing.
The codebook provides information on item nonresponse, that is, which questions respondents declined to answer, answered as dont know, or were skipped through. The rest of table 1 shows the item nonresponse rates. Household interview surveys tend to be both labour intensive and expensive to conduct. Household members refuse to participate in the survey.
Nonresponse in household interview surveys, were also performed. Nonresponse bias in surveys asking for legally sensitive information have been proven to be even more profound if the survey explicitly states that the government or another organization of authority is collecting the data. They are a key factor in response rates for household interview surveys remaining. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required. This paper updates nonresponse trends for facetoface household surveys conducted in the united states since 2000. Source of the data the data in this microdata file are from the 2018 annual social and economic supplement asec splitpanel sample of the current population survey cps. Response rates lack both validity and reliability as a proxy measure of nonresponse bias. Approximately 51% of sipp respondents 28,046 matched to an irs tax return. Pdf the impact of nonresponse rates on nonresponse bias. If you are driving, parking is available in the union station garage.
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